Bernard Mandeville
Bernard Mandeville (Rotterdam, November 15, 1670 – Hackney, January 21, 1733) was an influential Anglo-Dutch thinker: physician, satirist, moral philosopher, and proto-economist. He earned his medical degree in Leiden in 1691 and moved to England shortly thereafter, where he practiced as a specialist in nervous and digestive diseases, and became highly esteemed socially.
His most famous work, The Fable of the Bees: or, Private Vices, Public Benefits (1714), includes the original poem The Grumbling Hive (1705) accompanied by philosophical essays on moral virtue, benevolence, and hypotheses of society.
In this satire, Mandeville presents the paradox: private vices—such as luxury, vanity, or lust—generate social benefits by boosting consumption and employment, while austere virtue detracts from wealth and economic dynamism.
His most famous work, The Fable of the Bees: or, Private Vices, Public Benefits (1714), includes the original poem The Grumbling Hive (1705) accompanied by philosophical essays on moral virtue, benevolence, and hypotheses of society.
In this satire, Mandeville presents the paradox: private vices—such as luxury, vanity, or lust—generate social benefits by boosting consumption and employment, while austere virtue detracts from wealth and economic dynamism.
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