The rupture in the crust of a planet such as Earth, which allows hot lava, gases and volcanic ash to escape from a magma chamber beneath the surface, is called a volcano. The discipline which is involved in the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and other related geophysical, geological and geochemical phenomena is called volcanology. It also studies the formation of volcanoes along with current as well as historic volcanic eruptions. There are various aspects related to volcanoes which are monitored under this field. A few of these are seismic observations, surface deformation monitoring and gas emission monitoring. Seismographs are deployed near volcanic areas to make seismic observations. Surface deformation monitoring observes the bulges near the volcanic center's surface which can indicate magma upwelling. Gas emissions are observed using equipment such as portable ultra-violet spectrometers to monitor changes in gas compositions, which can signal an impending volcanic eruption. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of volcanology. The topics included herein on this subject are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.
